Piaget's Theory

What is the essence of Piaget's Theory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget

The four development stages are described in Piaget's theory as:

Sensorimotor stage: from birth to age 2 years (children experience the world through movement and senses and learn object permanence)

Preoperational stage: from ages 2 to 7 (acquisition of motor skills)

Concrete operational stage: from ages 7 to 11 (children begin to think logically about concrete events)

Formal operational stage: after age 11 (development of abstract reasoning).

Vygotsky's Theory

What is the essence of Vygotsky's theory

chd.gmu.edu/immersion

/knowledgebase/

theorists/constructivism/

vygotsky.htm

Vygotsky believed that development is a process that should be analyzed, instead of a product to be obtained. According to Vygotsky, the development process that begins at birth and continues until death, is too complex to to be defined by stages (Driscoll, 1994; Hausfather,1996).

Vygotsky believed that this life long process of development was dependent on social interaction and that social learning actually leads to cognitive development. This phenomena is called the Zone of Proximal Development . Vygotsky describes it as "the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers" (Vygotsky, 1978). In other words, a student can perform a task under adult guidance or with peer collaboration that could not be achieved alone. The Zone of Proximal Development bridges that gap between what is known and what can be known. Vygotsky claimed that learning occurred in this zone.

Glasser's Drivers

What are the drivers / motivators that Glasser identifies in students?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice_Theory

Choice Theory suggests that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs:

SURVIVAL

BELONGING / CONNECTING / LOVE

POWER

FREEDOM

FUN

Choice Theory suggests the existence of a "Quality World" in which, starting at birth and continuing throughout our lives, we place those things that we highly value: primarily the people who are important to us, things we prize, and systems of belief, religion and cultural values. Glasser also posits a "Comparing Place" in which we compare the world we experience with our Quality World. We behave to achieve as best we can a real world experience consonant with our Quality World.

Hattie's Motivators

What motivates people most to learn, using Hattie's ideas?

http://www.acer.edu.au/workshops/documents/HattieSlides.pdf

http://www.teacherstoolbox.co.uk/T_effect_sizes.html

Professor John Hattie believes that:

• FEEDBACK - listening and reaffirming their work; positive reinforcement to the students


• STUDENTS PRIOR COGNITIVE ABILITY - the ability of the student to build on what they have learnt before


• INSTRUCTIONAL QUALITY - teaching ability and quality of the teacher


• DIRECT INSTRUCTION - clear and precise instructions from the teacher


• ACCELERATION - making sure that the students are working to the best of their ability


• RE-MEDITATION / FEEDBACK - going back over what has been learnt


• STUDENTS DISPOSITION TO LEARN - the students desire and attitude towards learning


• THE CLASS ENVIRONMENT - how the class is presented


• CHALLENGE OF GOALS - how challenging and interesting the class activities

are the top ten motivators in the classroom.